Chapter 10: Force and Types of Force
Solved textbook questions with step-by-step explanations.
Grade 6 Q&A: Chapter 10: Force and Types of Force
Welcome to the Questions and Answers section for Grade 6 Environmental Studies (Part One), Chapter 10: "Force and Types of Force." This chapter introduces us to the fundamental concept of force, which is essential for understanding how objects move, stop, or change shape. We will explore various types of forces, such as muscular force, mechanical force, gravitational force, frictional force, magnetic force, and electrostatic force, and learn about their effects in our daily lives.
Important Questions and Answers
Q1: What is force?
Answer: Force is a push or a pull that can change the state of motion of an object, change its shape, or change its direction.
Q2: What are the effects of force?
Answer: Force can make a stationary object move, stop a moving object, change the speed or direction of a moving object, or change the shape of an object.
Q3: What is muscular force? Give an example.
Answer: Muscular force is the force applied by the muscles of living beings (humans or animals) to do work. Example: Pushing a cart, lifting a weight, cycling.
Q4: What is mechanical force? Give an example.
Answer: Mechanical force is the force applied by machines. Example: Force applied by a crane to lift heavy objects, force applied by a mixer grinder.
Q5: What is gravitational force? Give an example.
Answer: Gravitational force is the force of attraction exerted by the Earth on all objects, pulling them towards its center. Example: An apple falling from a tree, a ball thrown upwards coming down.
Q6: What is frictional force? Give an example.
Answer: Frictional force is the force that opposes the motion of an object when it is in contact with another surface. Example: A ball rolling on the ground eventually stops, rubbing hands together to produce heat.
Q7: What is magnetic force? Give an example.
Answer: Magnetic force is the force exerted by a magnet on magnetic materials (like iron, nickel, cobalt) or on other magnets. Example: A magnet attracting pins, a compass needle pointing North.
Q8: What is electrostatic force? Give an example.
Answer: Electrostatic force is the force exerted by electrically charged objects on other charged or uncharged objects. Example: A comb rubbed through dry hair attracting small pieces of paper.
Q9: What is the difference between contact force and non-contact force?
Answer: Contact force requires physical contact between objects (e.g., muscular force, frictional force), while non-contact force acts on objects without direct physical contact (e.g., gravitational force, magnetic force, electrostatic force).
Q10: Why does a rolling ball eventually stop?
Answer: A rolling ball eventually stops due to frictional force acting between the ball and the surface, which opposes its motion.
Q11: How does force help in changing the shape of an object? Give an example.
Answer: Force can change the shape of an object by deforming it. Example: Squeezing a sponge, hammering a metal sheet, stretching a rubber band.
Q12: What is the role of force in starting motion?
Answer: Force is required to start the motion of a stationary object. An object at rest will remain at rest unless a force acts upon it.
Q13: How does force help in stopping motion?
Answer: Force can be applied in the opposite direction of motion to stop a moving object. Example: Applying brakes to a bicycle.
Q14: Give an example of force changing the direction of a moving object.
Answer: A footballer kicking a moving ball to change its direction, or a batsman hitting a cricket ball.
Q15: What is the unit of force?
Answer: The standard international (SI) unit of force is the Newton (N).
Q16: How does friction help us in daily life?
Answer: Friction helps us in many ways: it allows us to walk without slipping, enables vehicles to move and stop, helps us to hold objects, and allows us to write.
Q17: What happens when two like poles of magnets are brought close to each other?
Answer: When two like poles (North-North or South-South) of magnets are brought close to each other, they repel each other.
Q18: What happens when two unlike poles of magnets are brought close to each other?
Answer: When two unlike poles (North-South) of magnets are brought close to each other, they attract each other.
Q19: Why does a balloon stick to a wall after being rubbed with hair?
Answer: A balloon sticks to a wall after being rubbed with hair due to electrostatic force. Rubbing creates an electric charge on the balloon, which then attracts the uncharged wall.
Q20: What is the importance of gravitational force?
Answer: Gravitational force is important because it keeps us and everything else on Earth's surface, causes objects to fall downwards, and is responsible for the tides and the orbits of planets.
Q21: How do machines apply force?
Answer: Machines apply force by converting one form of energy into another, or by multiplying the force applied by humans or other sources (e.g., a lever multiplies muscular force).
Q22: Give an example of a situation where force is applied but no work is done (in the scientific sense).
Answer: If you push hard against a solid wall, you apply force, but if the wall does not move, no work is done in the scientific sense because there is no displacement.
Q23: What is the difference between push and pull?
Answer: Push is a force that moves an object away from you, while pull is a force that moves an object towards you.
Q24: How does force affect the speed of a moving object?
Answer: Force can increase the speed of a moving object if applied in the direction of motion, or decrease its speed if applied in the opposite direction.
Q25: What is the importance of understanding forces in daily life?
Answer: Understanding forces helps us comprehend how objects interact, design better tools and machines, ensure safety in various activities, and predict the motion of objects around us.
Q26: How does the force of gravity affect the flow of rivers?
Answer: The force of gravity causes rivers to flow downhill, from higher elevations to lower elevations, eventually reaching seas or oceans.
Q27: What is the role of force in sports?
Answer: Force is crucial in sports; athletes apply force to run, jump, throw balls, kick, and change direction, demonstrating various types of forces in action.
Exercise Solutions
Q1: Fill in the blanks.
- A force is a push or a pull.
- The force applied by muscles is called muscular force.
- The force that pulls objects towards the Earth is gravitational force.
- The force that opposes motion is frictional force.
- Magnets exert magnetic force.
Q2: Match the pairs.
(Note: As an AI, I cannot create interactive matching. I will provide the correct pairs.)
- Pushing a cart - Muscular force
- Crane lifting objects - Mechanical force
- Falling apple - Gravitational force
- Rubbing hands - Frictional force
- Comb attracting paper - Electrostatic force
Q3: True or False.
- Force can change the shape of an object. True
- Frictional force helps us to walk. True
- Like poles of magnets attract each other. False
- Gravitational force is a contact force. False
- Force is not required to stop a moving object. False
Q4: Answer the following questions.
- What is force? What are its effects?
Answer: Force is a push or pull. Its effects include moving a stationary object, stopping a moving object, changing speed or direction, and changing an object's shape. - Name and explain two types of forces with examples.
Answer:- Muscular Force: Force applied by muscles (e.g., lifting a bag).
- Gravitational Force: Earth's pull on objects (e.g., a ball falling).
- What is the difference between contact and non-contact forces?
Answer: Contact forces require physical touch (e.g., friction), while non-contact forces act without touch (e.g., magnetism). - How does friction help us in daily life?
Answer: Friction helps us walk, stop vehicles, hold objects, and write, preventing slipping and enabling grip.
Q5: Give reasons.
- A ball thrown upwards comes down.
Reason: A ball thrown upwards comes down due to gravitational force, which is the Earth's pull on the ball, constantly acting downwards and eventually overcoming its upward motion. - It is difficult to walk on a slippery floor.
Reason: It is difficult to walk on a slippery floor because there is very little frictional force between our feet and the surface. Friction is necessary to provide grip and prevent slipping. - Iron objects stick to a magnet.
Reason: Iron objects stick to a magnet because magnets exert a magnetic force of attraction on magnetic materials like iron, pulling them towards themselves.
References
- Maharashtra State Board Environmental Studies (Part One) Standard Six Textbook (2015 Edition) - Chapter 10: Force and Types of Force.
- Maharashtra State Board 6th Standard Environmental Studies Syllabus.
- Balbharati Environmental Studies Part 1 Textbook.